• 1 Early career
• 2 Talking Points Memo

  2.1 Reaching a critical mass
  2.2 Launching TPM Media
  2.3 U.S. Attorney Scandal
  2.4 Plans

• 2.1 Reaching a critical mass
• 2.2 Launching TPM Media
• 2.3 U.S. Attorney Scandal
• 2.4 Plans
• 3 Miscellaneous work
• 4 Family
• 5 Prizes & Honors
• 6 References
• 7 External links

• 2.1 Reaching a critical mass
• 2.2 Launching TPM Media
• 2.3 U.S. Attorney Scandal
• 2.4 Plans

Early career

Marshall is a graduate of the Webb Schools of California and Princeton University and earned a Ph.D. in American history from Brown University.[4][8] In the mid-1990s, Marshall designed websites for law firms and published an online news site about Internet law, which included interviews with prominent scholars such as Lawrence Lessig.[4]He began writing freelance articles about Internet free speech for The American Prospect in 1997 and was soon hired as an associate editor.[4] He worked for the Prospect for three years[3] and in 1999 moved to D.C. to become their Washington editor.[4] He often clashed with the top editors at the Prospect, over both ideology and the direction of the website.[4]

Talking Points Memo

Reaching a critical mass

Inspired by political bloggers such as Mickey Kaus and Andrew Sullivan, Marshall started Talking Points Memo during the 2000 Florida election recount. “I really liked what seemed to me to be the freedom of expression of this genre of writing,” Marshall told the Columbia Journalism Review. “And, obviously, given the issues that I had with the Prospect, that appealed to me a lot.”[4]He left his job at the Prospect early in 2001[4] and continued to blog while writing for The Washington Monthly, The Atlantic, The New Yorker,[3] Salon.com, and the New York Post.[4] In 2002, Marshall used Talking Points Memo to report on Trent Lott’s controversial comments praising Strom Thurmond’s 1948 presidential run as a segregationist.[7] According to the Kennedy School of Government, Marshall was instrumental in fueling the ensuing scandal that eventually led to Trent Lott’s resignation as Senate Minority Leader.[3]As a result of the Lott story, traffic to Talking Points Memo spiked from 8,000 to 20,000 page views a day.[4] In the fall of 2003, as people focused on the failure to find WMD’s in Iraq, there was a new surge of traffic to the site; “I remember there being peak days of 60,000 page views, which was really incredible.”[5] Marshall started selling ads on his site and by the end of 2004 was earning $10,000 a month,[4] making him one of a handful of what The New York Times Magazine dubbed “elite bloggers” who earned enough money to make blogging a full-time occupation.[3]During the 2008 US election campaign, many independent news sites and political blogs saw a wave of “explosive growth”.[14] Talking Points Memo experienced the largest surge in traffic,[15] growing from 32,000 unique visitors in September 2007 to 458,000 unique visitors in September 2008,[16] a 1,321% year-to-year increase in the size of its audience.[17]

Launching TPM Media

In 2005, Marshall launched TPMCafe.[18] This site features a collection of blogs about a wide range of domestic and foreign policy issues written by academics, journalists and former public officials among others.Marshall expanded his operation again in 2006, launching TPMmuckraker. The site focuses on blackmail and promotion of political corruption, and was originally staffed by Paul Kiel and Justin Rood. Rood has since moved on to ABC and its blog The Blotter. Kiel has recently been joined by two new staff reporter-bloggers, Laura McGann and Spencer Ackerman. TPMmuckraker has attempted to organize its readers to plow through and read document dumps by governmental entities engaging in cover-ups.[19]TPM Media operates out of an office in Manhattan and currently employs seven reporters, including two in Washington.[5]

U.S. Attorney Scandal

• Main issues
• Timeline
• Summary of attorneys
• Documents
• Congressional hearings
• List of Dismissed Attorneys
• Complete list of related articles

In 2007, Marshall was instrumental in exposing another national scandal, the politically motivated dismissal of U.S. attorneys by the Bush administration.[1] Marshall won The Polk Award for Legal Reporting for his coverage of the story, which “led the news media” and “connected the dots and found a pattern of federal prosecutors being forced from office for failing to do the Bush Administration’s bidding.”[1] Columbia Journalism Review also credited Marshall’s news organization for being “almost single-handedly responsible for bringing the story of the fired U.S. Attorneys to a boil.”[4] The ensuing scandal resulted in the resignations of several high-level government officials;[7][8] the Polk award in particular honored Marshall for his “tenacious investigative reporting” which “sparked interest by the traditional news media and led to the resignation of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales.”[5]After a weekend writer noticed that the U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas was being replaced with a former adviser to Karl Rove,[20] Marshall discovered that U.S. Attorney Carol Lam was also being asked to resign. Carol Lam successfully prosecuted Republican California Representative Duke Cunningham on bribery charges and was in the middle of an ongoing criminal investigation into a congressional scandal of historic proportions.[8] “I was stunned by it,” Marshall told the Financial Times. “Normally, in a case like that, the prosecutor would be untouchable.”[8]National newspapers were slow to pick up the story.[8] Time magazine’s Washington bureau chief Jay Carney went so far as to accuse Marshall of “seeing broad partisan conspiracies where none likely exist.”[21] By the time The New York Times first reported on Lam’s firing (on page 17), Marshall and his news sites had already posted 15 articles on the story.[8]Two months after posting his accusatory article, Carney apologized to Marshall. “Josh Marshall at TalkingPointsMemo and everyone else out there whose instincts told them there was something deeply wrong and even sinister about the firings… deserve tremendous credit.” Carney went on to write, “I was wrong. Very nice work, and thanks for holding my feet to the fire.”[22]For doggedly pursuing the story, Arianna Huffington nominated Joshua Marshall and the Talking Points Memo team to the Time 100.[23]

Plans

Larger media companies have approached Marshall about buying or investing in his media company. So far, he has decided to maintain his independence.[4]

Miscellaneous work

In addition to his own network of news sites, Marshall is a columnist for The Hill.[3]

Family

Marshall’s father was a professor of marine biology. His mother died when he was young.[3]Marshall married Millet Israeli in March 2005,[24] and the couple live in New York City with their two young sons and a dog named Simon.[25]

Prizes & Honors

• George Polk Award for Legal Reporting, 2007
• The Week Opinion Awards, Blogger of the Year, 2003 & 2007
• GQ Men of the Year, Muckraker, 2007

References

External links

• Talking Points Memo

  Marshall’s biography at Talking Points Memo.

• Marshall’s biography at Talking Points Memo.
• Video discussion/debate with Marshall and David Corn on Bloggingheads.tv
• Video discussion/debate with Marshall and Mickey Kaus on Bloggingheads.tv

• Marshall’s biography at Talking Points Memo.

• 1969 births
• American bloggers
• American political writers
• Brown University alumni
• Living people
• Princeton University alumni

• Articles with hCards
• Use mdy dates from September 2010
• Persondata templates without short description parameter

• 1 Traffic
• 2 History

  2.1 Founding and Creation
  2.2 Name Change
  2.3 Introduction of Audio, the Rap Map, Music Video Explanations, and Album Reviews

• 2.1 Founding and Creation
• 2.2 Name Change
• 2.3 Introduction of Audio, the Rap Map, Music Video Explanations, and Album Reviews
• 3 Format
• 4 Features

  4.1 Rap IQ
  4.2 Blog
  4.3 Rap Map
  4.4 Video Breakdowns

• 4.1 Rap IQ
• 4.2 Blog
• 4.3 Rap Map
• 4.4 Video Breakdowns
• 5 Press Coverage and Reception

  5.1 Reported “Beef” With Understand Rap

• 5.1 Reported “Beef” With Understand Rap
• 6 Verified Accounts
• 7 References
• 8 External links

• 2.1 Founding and Creation
• 2.2 Name Change
• 2.3 Introduction of Audio, the Rap Map, Music Video Explanations, and Album Reviews

• 4.1 Rap IQ
• 4.2 Blog
• 4.3 Rap Map
• 4.4 Video Breakdowns

• 5.1 Reported “Beef” With Understand Rap

Traffic

As of June 2011, Rap Genius receives approximately 1 million unique visitors per month [4].

History

Founding and Creation

Rap Genius was created in October 2009 by founders Mahbod Moghadam, Tom Lehman, and Ilan Zechory, who met years ago during their undergraduate years at Yale University. Lehman and Moghadam came up with the idea for the site in the summer of 2009 when Lehman asked Moghadam about the meaning of a Cam’ron lyric. After Lehman built the earliest version of the site, Moghadam, a 2008 graduate of Stanford Law School and a first year employee at Dewey and LeBoeuf who was on a paid sabattical leave, decided to pursue the idea full-time. Lehman, the programmer of the site, and Zechory soon joined him and brought the idea to fruition.[5]

Name Change

Originally named Rap Exegesis, the site changed its name in December 2009 to Rap Genius because “exegesis” was difficult for users to spell.[6]

Introduction of Audio, the Rap Map, Music Video Explanations, and Album Reviews

The ability to listen to the songs while viewing their lyrics, the Rap Map, and Music Video explanations were eventually added to the site as well.The Rap Map was linked by several sites including Mashable and Kottke.

Format

On Rap Genius users can “listen to songs, read their lyrics, and click the lines that interest [them] for pop-up explanations (The lines with explanations are orange). The site’s content is user-generated. Contribution is easy because “anyone can create an account and start explaining rap” simply by highlighting lyrics and filling in the pop-up explanations. Registered members with an account can upload, correct, and explain lyrics. They can also offer suggestions to improve already published lyrics and explanations. Editors and Moderators help to generate and monitor content to ensure quality writing. Users earn “Rap IQ” with every published explanation. Points are rewarded on the basis of not only the quantity of lyrics explained, but also the quality of the explanations. Users are rewarded with greater editorial and moderating privileges as more Rap IQ points are awarded.[1]

Features

Rap IQ

Contributors to Rap Genius receive points, “Rap IQ” for explanations and suggestions. The Rap IQ system employs both direct point, for example a 10 IQ point increase for an explanation, and a thumbs system. Especially insightful and popular explanations gain positive “thumbs up” reviews, increasing the IQ worth of an explanation. As of now, IQ has no redemption purpose, but serves as measure of a contributor’s impact and work on the site. Editors and Moderators gain additional means of obtaining IQ, including publishing completed songs and reviewing the work of others.

Blog

The Rap Genius Blog covers features on specific artists and/or albums as well as the analysis of popular hip-hop memes, phenomenons and trends. Examples of artists that have been covered in the blog are Tyler the Creator, Lil B “the BasedGod,” Eminem, Lupe Fiasco, Jay-Z, Wiz Khalifa, Lil Wayne, XV, and Fabolous. The posts vary in style and length and are authored by various contributors, including the founders themselves. Several of the blog posts have been featured on other online blogs, including mostlyjunkfood.com.[7]

Rap Map

The Rap Map, the brainchild of early Rap Genius partner Dan Berger, utilizes Google Earth to show places that are mentioned in rap lyrics, referencing their exact geographical locations. It utilizes the same pop-up explanation format as lyrics on the site. Users can add places to the Rap Map, forming an augmented Earth view with relevant rap locations visible. Places that shown on the Rap Map include 2Pac’s elementary school, T.I.’s mansion, and Notorious B.I.G’s and Lil Wayne’s childhood homes.[8]

Video Breakdowns

Rap Genius also explains various music videos.[9] The video is played on the left side of the screen, while the explanations flash on the right side of the screen. The system allows listener to connect the explained lyrics with a video, increasing understanding of the song.

Press Coverage and Reception

The site has been featured on numerous blogs and websites, including the Huffington Post, AOL News, and Above the Law. Initial reception to the site has been mostly positive. Nick Antosca of the Huffington Post described the site as “ingenious.”[10], while website Daily Swarm describes the explanations as “bland” and uninformative.[11] Victor Vazquez of Das Racist said “RapGenius.com is white-devil sophistry/Urban Dictionary is for demons with college degrees” on the group’s 2011 album RELAX. [12]

Reported “Beef” With Understand Rap

In an AOL News article from January 18, 2011 in which Rap Genius and another rap lyric explanation site – Understand Rap – are featured, the author of the article claimed that the creators of Rap Genius have a “beef” with the creator of Understand Rap, William Buckholz. Tom Lehman contends that “[his] entire project is dedicated to a single joke: rap lyrics sound funny when translated into intentionally white-sounding language. But translating rap into white-speak is only peripherally related to analyzing its meaning. Rap Genius, on the other hand, engages rap as poetry, rather than as the butt of a joke.” [13]

Verified Accounts

Rap Genius offers verified account to established rap artists where they explain, moderate and correct their own lyrics. Nas is the first rapper to get a verified Rap Genius account where he’ll be explaining all his own lyrics and commenting on the lyrics of other rappers he admires.[14][15] The RZA is one of the rappers with verified account on Rap Genius.[16] The two rappers have already started explaining their own lyrics.

References

External links

• Official website

• Websites
• Hip hop
• Online encyclopedias

• Articles created via the Article Wizard

• Pay per click
• Cost per impression
• Search analytics
• Web analytics

• Contextual advertising
• Behavioral targeting

• Cost per action
• Revenue sharing

• v
• t
• e

• Product marketing
• Pricing
• Distribution
• Service
• Retail
• Brand management
• Account-based marketing
• Ethics
• Effectiveness
• Research
• Segmentation
• Strategy
• Activation
• Management
• Dominance
• Marketing operations

• Advertising
• Branding
• Underwriting spot
• Direct marketing
• Personal sales
• Product placement
• Publicity
• Sales promotion
• Sex in advertising
• Loyalty marketing
• Mobile marketing
• Premiums
• Prizes

• Printing
• Publication
• Broadcasting
• Out-of-home advertising
• Internet
• Point of sale
• Merchandise
• Digital marketing
• In-game advertising
• Product demonstration
• Word-of-mouth
• Brand ambassador
• Drip marketing
• Visual merchandising

• v
• t
• e

Internet marketing, also known as web marketing, online marketing, webvertising, or e-marketing, is referred to as the marketing (generally promotion) of products or services over the Internet. Internet marketing is considered to be broad in scope[citation needed] because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail and wireless media. Digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems are also often grouped together under internet marketing.[1]Internet marketing ties together the creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including design, development, advertising and sales.[2] Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along many different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific websites, email marketing, mobile advertising, and Web 2.0 strategies.[citation needed]In 2008, The New York Times, working with comScore, published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large Internet-based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found that the potential for collecting data was up to 2,500 times per user per month.[3]Contents

• 1 Types of Internet marketing
• 2 Business models

  2.1 One-to-one approaches
  2.2 Appeal to specific interests
  2.3 Niche marketing
  2.4 Geo-targeting

• 2.1 One-to-one approaches
• 2.2 Appeal to specific interests
• 2.3 Niche marketing
• 2.4 Geo-targeting
• 3 Advantages and limitations of Internet marketing

  3.1 Advantages
  3.2 Limitations

• 3.1 Advantages
• 3.2 Limitations
• 4 Security concerns
• 5 Usage trends
• 6 Effects on industries

  6.1 Internet auctions
  6.2 Advertising industry

• 6.1 Internet auctions
• 6.2 Advertising industry
• 7 Film and Television Marketing
• 8 See also
• 9 References

• 2.1 One-to-one approaches
• 2.2 Appeal to specific interests
• 2.3 Niche marketing
• 2.4 Geo-targeting

• 3.1 Advantages
• 3.2 Limitations

• 6.1 Internet auctions
• 6.2 Advertising industry

Types of Internet marketing

Internet marketing is broadly divided in to the following[4] types:

• Display advertising: the use of web banners or banner ads placed on a third-party website or blog to drive traffic to a company’s own website and increase product awareness.[4]
• Search engine marketing (SEM): a form of marketing that seeks to promote websites by increasing their visibility in search engine result pages (SERPs) through the use of either paid placement, contextual advertising, and paid inclusion, or through the use of free search engine optimization techniques.[5]
• Search engine optimization (SEO): the process of improving the visibility of a website or a web page in search engines via the “natural” or un-paid (“organic” or “algorithmic”) search results.[6]
• Social media marketing: the process of gaining traffic or attention through social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn.[7]
• Email marketing: involves directly marketing a commercial message to a group of people using electronic mail.[8]
• Referral marketing: a method of promoting products or services to new customers through referrals, usually word of mouth.[9]
• Affiliate marketing: a marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by the affiliate’s own marketing efforts.[10]
• Inbound marketing: involves creating and freely sharing informative content as a means of converting prospects into customers and customers into repeat buyers.[11]

Business models

Internet marketing is associated with several business models:

• E-commerce: a model whereby goods and services are sold directly to consumers (B2C), businesses (B2B), or from consumer to consumer (C2C) using computers connected to a network.[12]
• Lead-based websites: a strategy whereby an organization generates value by acquiring sales leads from its website.[citation needed] Similar to walk-in customers in retail world. These prospects are often referred to as organic leads.
• Affiliate Marketing: a process wherein a product or service developed by one entity is sold by other active sellers for a share of profits.[citation needed] The entity that owns the product may provide some marketing material (e.g., sales letters, affiliate links, tracking facilities, etc.); however, the vast majority of affiliate marketing relationships come from e-commerce businesses that offer affiliate programs.[citation needed]
• Local Internet marketing: a strategy through which a small company utilizes the Internet to find and to nurture relationships that can be used for real-world advantages.[citation needed] Local Internet marketing uses tools such as social media marketing, local directory listing,[13] and targeted online sales promotions.

One-to-one approaches

In a one-to-one approach, marketers target a user browsing the Internet alone and so that the marketers’ messages reach the user personally.[14] This approach is used in search marketing, for which the advertisements are based on search engine keywords entered by the users. This approach usually works under the pay per click (PPC) method.[citation needed]

Appeal to specific interests

When appealing to specific interests, marketers place an emphasis on appealing to a specific behavior or interest, rather than reaching out to a broadly defined demographic.[citation needed] These marketers typically segment their markets according to age group, gender, geography, and other general factors.[citation needed]

Niche marketing

Niche and hyper-niche internet marketing put further emphasis on creating destinations for web users and consumers on specific topics and products.[citation needed] Niche marketers differ from traditional Internet marketers as they have a more specialized topic knowledge.[citation needed] For example, whereas in traditional Internet marketing a website would be created and promoted on a high-level topic such as kitchen appliances, niche marketing would focus on more specific topics such as 4-slice toasters.[citation needed]Niche marketing provides end users of such sites very targeted information, and allows the creators to establish themselves as authorities on the topic or product.[citation needed]

Geo-targeting

In Internet marketing, geo targeting and geo marketing are the methods of determining the geolocation of a website visitor with geolocation software, and delivering different content to that visitor based on his or her location, such as latitude and longitude, country, region or state, city, metro code or zip code, organization, Internet Protocol (IP) address, ISP, and other criteria.[citation needed]

Advantages and limitations of Internet marketing

Advantages

Internet marketing is inexpensive when examining the ratio of cost to the reach of the target audience.[citation needed] Companies can reach a wide audience for a small fraction of traditional advertising budgets.[citation needed] The nature of the medium allows consumers to research and to purchase products and services conveniently.[citation needed] Therefore, businesses have the advantage of appealing to consumers in a medium that can bring results quickly.[citation needed] The strategy and overall effectiveness of marketing campaigns depend on business goals and cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis.Internet marketers also have the advantage of measuring statistics easily and inexpensively; almost all aspects of an Internet marketing campaign can be traced, measured, and tested, in many cases through the use of an ad server.[citation needed] The advertisers can use a variety of methods, such as pay per impression, pay per click, pay per play, and pay per action. Therefore, marketers can determine which messages or offerings are more appealing to the audience.[citation needed] The results of campaigns can be measured and tracked immediately because online marketing initiatives usually require users to click on an advertisement, to visit a website, and to perform a targeted action.[citation needed]

Limitations

• One of the challenges that internet markets face (as does the general public) is that many internet products are outright scams or promoted with deception making it difficult to know what one is buying. This is especially the case with products that are suppose to train or aid internet marketers in making money. While the quality of products has improved in the past few years, ethics is still often missing in internet marketing. Many so-called money making products are “empty boxes” in which there is essentially nothing there yet a buyer is to make money by reselling this empty box to others. Pyramid schemes are also still prevalent.
• Marketer will not be able to use the x-factor/personal touch factor/human touch factor to influence the audience as the marketing is completely based on the advertisement and the information that the advertisement might lead to [websites, blogs and other channels].

Security concerns

Information security is important both to companies and consumers that participate in online business. Many consumers are hesitant to purchase items over the Internet because they do not believe that their personal information will remain private. Some companies that purchase customer information offer the option for individuals to have their information removed from their promotional redistribution, also known as opting out. However, many customers are unaware if and when their information is being shared, and are unable to stop the transfer of their information between companies if such activity occurs. Additionally, companies holding private information are vulnerable to data attacks and leaks. Internet browsing privacy is a related consumer concern. Web sites routinely capture browsing and search history which can be used to provide targeted advertising. Privacy policies can provide transparency to these practices. Spyware prevention software can also be used to shield the consumer.Another consumer e-commerce concern is whether or not they will receive exactly what they purchase. Online merchants have attempted to address this concern by investing in and building strong consumer brands (e.g., Amazon.com, eBay, and Overstock.com), and by leveraging merchant and feedback rating systems and e-commerce bonding solutions.[citation needed] All these solutions attempt to assure consumers that their transactions will be free of problems because the merchants can be trusted to provide reliable products and services.[citation needed] Additionally, several major online payment mechanisms (credit cards, PayPal, Google Checkout, etc.) have provided back-end buyer protection systems to address problems if they occur.[citation needed]

Usage trends

Technological advancements in the telecommunications industry have dramatically affected online advertising techniques.[citation needed] Many firms are embracing a paradigm that is shifting the focus of advertising methodology from traditional text and image advertisements to those containing more recent technologies like JavaScript and Adobe Flash.[citation needed] As a result, advertisers can more effectively engage and connect their audience with their campaigns that seek to shape consumer attitudes and feelings towards specific products and services.[citation needed]

Effects on industries

The number of banks offering the ability to perform banking tasks over the internet has increased.[citation needed] Online banking appeals to customers because it is often faster and considered more convenient than visiting bank branches.[15]

Internet auctions

Internet auctions have become a multi-billion dollar business. Unique items that could only previously be found at flea markets are now being sold on Internet auction websites such as eBay. Specialized e-stores sell a vast amount of items like antiques, movie props, clothing, gadgets, and so on.[16][17]As the premier online reselling platform, eBay is often used as a price-basis for specialized items. Buyers and sellers often look at prices on the website before going to flea markets; the price shown on eBay often becomes the item’s selling price.[citation needed]

Advertising industry

In addition to the major effect internet marketing has had on the technology industry, the effect on the advertising industry itself has been profound. In just a few years, online advertising has grown to be worth tens of billions of dollars annually.[18][19][20] PricewaterhouseCoopers reported that US$16.9 billion was spent on Online marketing in the U.S. in 2006.[21]This has caused a growing impact on the United States’ electoral process. In 2008, candidates for President heavily utilized Internet marketing strategies to reach constituents. During the 2007 primaries, candidates added, on average, over 500 social network supporters per day to help spread their message.[22] President Barack Obama raised over US$1 million in one day during his extensive Democratic candidacy campaign, largely due to online donors.[23]Several industries have heavily invested in and benefited from internet marketing and online advertising. Some of them were originally brick and mortar businesses such as publishing, music, automotive or gambling, while others have sprung up as purely online businesses, such as digital design and media, blogging, and internet service hosting.[citation needed]

Film and Television Marketing

Industries such as film and television were somewhat slow when it came to putting content on the Internet. Film trailers, television show schedules and “interactive” press kits came on the scene quite quickly as the content that promoted such products. This major media platform was developed with investments of millions by the film studios and television networks because it was a valuable marketing tool.[24]

See also

• Ad server
• Article marketing
• Classified advertising
• Conversion rate
• Digital marketing
• Frequency capping
• In-text advertising
• Inbound marketing
• Lead scoring
• Media transparency
• Netnography
• Online identity management
• Online lead generation
• Pay per click
• Post-click marketing
• Product feed
• Real-time marketing
• Search engine marketing
• Social media optimization
• Viral marketing
• Web banner
• Online presence management

References

• Internet marketing
• Types of marketing
• Marketing by medium

• Articles needing additional references from May 2008
• All articles needing additional references
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012
• Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011
• Articles needing additional references from January 2011

• 1 Reception
• 2 Impact

  2.1 Anders Behring Breivik

• 2.1 Anders Behring Breivik
• 3 References
• 4 External links

• 2.1 Anders Behring Breivik

Reception

Aftenposten described it in 2009 as “an Islam-critical and Israel-friendly, so-called blue-blog”.[5] The Norwegian conservative Muslim commentator Mohammad Usman Rana has called document.no “a right-wing populist and Muslimphobic interest group”.[17] Helge Øgrim, editor of Journalisten, the journal of the Norwegian Union of Journalists, in July 2011 described document.no as an “anti-immigrant forum which has evolved into a hotbed of galloping Islamophobia.”[18] Later, however, he opined in a comment on document.no that he might have gone too far in his criticism of Rustad.[19] The same month, the Financial Times described document.no as “a website rife with anti-Muslim and hard right rhetoric,”[16] and Lars Gule described it in the The Vancouver Sun as “a far-right web forum” that is “dominated by Islamophobic and anti-immigration commentary”.[1][dead link] The New York Times described document.no as “a popular conservative Website.”[20]Yvonne Rundberg Savosnick, the former chairman of the Norwegian Union of Jewish Students, recommended the site in a 2009 interview with the student newspaper at the University of Oslo, Universitas, because of its “critical view of the Norwegian press,” although she “rarely agreed with everything.”[21]In 2011, Hans Rustad complained to the Professional Committee of the Press over an article in the newspaper Eidsvoll Ullensaker Blad, which described Rustad as a chief exponent of the “brown goo”, stating that “it does not matter what the spill call themselves, this is very similar to Nazism” and concluding that “we do not want Behring Breivik, Rustad and other nutjobs to set the agenda”. The committee criticized the article, emphasizing that it mostly discouraged the use of the term “Nazi” when referring to individuals.[22]

Impact

In 2009 the website was cited by Dagbladet as the main player, when for the first time in Norwegian history, “bloggers” were credited for successfully setting the national political agenda. Document.no had on a daily basis criticized a governmental proposed extension of §185 with regards to “hate speech so that the provision protects the need for a criminal law protection against qualified attack on religions and belief.” The proposed bill was met with nearly no exposure in the mainstream media, until close to a month later, although it had been criticizised as an attack on democracy in Danish newspapers. Eventually the bill became criticized as attacking freedom of speech, and an online petition against it was supported by numerous notable figures in Norway. In the end, the government pulled the proposal back.[23]

Anders Behring Breivik

Anders Behring Breivik, the admitted[9] perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks, reportedly posted numerous posts on Document.no and praised the blog owner.[10] According to the BBC, “Anders Behring Breivik left racist, extremist right-wing comments along with fellow anti-Muslims” on the site.[12] He also attended an open meeting of “Documents venner” (Friends of Document), affiliated with the website, in the fall of 2009.[24] Breivik sought to start a Norwegian version of the Tea Party movement in cooperation with the owners of document.no, who initially expressed interest but ultimately turned down his proposal because he did not have the contacts he promised.[10] When Breivik was named as the arrested, the website became unreachable due to an extreme increase in traffic.[25] The blog owner distanced himself from the terrorist attack.[10]

References

External links

• Document.no
• YouTube channel

• 2003 establishments in Norway
• Anti-immigration activism in Norway
• Anti-Islam
• Criticism of Islam
• Criticism of journalism
• Islam in Norway
• Norwegian websites
• Zionism

• Articles with Norwegian language external links
• All articles with dead external links
• Articles with dead external links from May 2012
• All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
• Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2012
• Use dmy dates from July 2011